Heat transfer element supported against external or internal pressures



Oct. 20, 1953 w w 5 ws 2,656,157

HEAT TRANs FER ELEMENT SUPPORTED AGAINST EXTERNAL OR INTERNAL PRESSURESFiled Feb. 16, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Oct. 20, 1953 w, w s ws 2,656,157

HEAT TRANSFER ELEMENT SUPPORTED AGAINST EXTERNAL 0R INTERNAL PRESSURES 2Sheets-Shet 2 Filed' Feb. 16, 1950 III I I III I Il Ii lll tag, t i brbi tt' i to r due n heore el ,7.

asunpro iesh attraes r chamsieristicsienszeto th aeqemnee iee-d f ri thePatented Oct. 20, 1953 neAT T ANSFER EL MENT SUBPORTED AGAINST EXT-ERNPR ssUR s Eugene Weiii e fiette Enlist Ol ie emllie ioe ebruery 16, 1'QQa Q 1i-E 1 Qr}4 i55l sec. 2

V fhi iny ention relates to heat exchangers of the y e tr a e ee iereeurs i vterentials in practice, such as forexample infls ome exhaustqqol is e missed q e ie Pow plants- The obj eet of the present inventionis to devise a noyel construction? of efiective' yet simple and li hweig t hee ei l ee a ab r use wit fiel s i ekii ie ly high P e s re atemre eiure ers s snecifl e lrtee Object so construct a heat exchangerunit including a tube system, are also used for bracing the i sthighpressure diiferenther andgmore specific.object's will appear in heicnwina detail dfisrii iisefof one mv of th m-d vice ehstresated in. eq m hFig. is a sectionalview taken on the line 4--4 reigi-a Fig. 5 is anothersectional view, taken on the {5 -5 of: Fig. 2,

6; 1 and 8 are detail sectional views taken lines 66, 1-4 and '8--8respectively of flfiifg. 5,- and Fig. 9 isan enlarged detail sectionalview taken on the line se of-F-ig. 3.

'Ihepresent form of the device contemplates the assembly of any numberof sections l, 2 and 3 which may be made to one or more standardconstructions adaptable for connection in series as shown, using astandard form of construction for each end section 4 and 5, adaptablefor connection to the ends of the sections l and 3 respectively, to formthe heat exchanger assembly.

The present device is a water-tube type heat exchanger with straighttubes which operate at pressures below atmosphere and are, therefore,subject to external pressures. The water-tube type exchanger isespecially suitable for cooling gases at high temperatures above 2000 F.

Normally, when using known cooler construction, the external side wallsthereof must ordinarily be heavily braced against the external or heuseof very thin walls weight oftheunit as well" an I2 d 1s re p ctive y;

f protection canta a; a .9. wit f ac r'yj m itntainew Title 53}?- S;lide. (la-12),.

2 internal. pressures that may be] encountered- Q WQH PP Y en t al testo i i hee er e se h h ft Y charaet eristic v. 3 E 1 te dfby the. fleastrueture that is usiia Maegan v reduce the required c ng'l h In. thepresent eonstru im t as illustra h a i sll ns r ub s ilanl I 5, 7" 11.iently in alternate rows re gn ng" atilll other, for bracing the allsaajn 9-1. pecti by fixing their ends to those wall means such as Weldingat It! by rolling, threaded connej structionjpermits theus sacrificin sr n th requireme t thus taken entire y, by tiiee ieia" andilii, throughthe. baflles. I t a d tend between the inner o I Order q rqt t he nnerwal s? an 9 furthenwater-tube walls [6 (Fig.9) ma" r d an laid in: ucman e a m e extr m ly hotgases that m if, enet life. the

sew lls 8f andfa. h a dis 1e. Wat we l, et e esed, at th 9w, m atu .enddef theheatexcha with tionslil at thelhighte pera am ne: ll t thes ans..b.9 u% d for ea e le v y men, em a- .tures, exceeding 4000f" F; andressur' t ei H eb ui A; @935 i flu d may be establi h show through therows of tubesfifandfl and ardu'nd the .bailles I14 audit? or inar lyotherway d 'd al featuresof noveltyheinjgfinjus g the heat efxchangervtubes "6. and I. arran e; at right angles not "only for conducting" tlifliiid therein but also to serve as braces for the 0pposite wallsobviating the use of heavy walls and special bracing structure for hightemperature and pressure differential conditions. Another feature is theuse of the water wall for protection against high temperatures as wellas further reinforcement of the wall structure so it may be made of verythin material, the headers for the tubes of this water wall being placedin the lowtemperature end of the heat exchanger, and the possible use ofrefractory material, if desired, between the water wall and the innerwalls 8 and 9.

Coolant, for example water, patterns established in use of the heatexchanger shown are as follows: The water wall [6 obtains its supplythrough an inlet line 30 (Fig. 6) which is connected to manifold [8.After circulating through the tubes of the water wall H5, or in theillustrated case, the tubes of the three individual but connected waterwalls, the water enters manifold I'l nested with manifold I8 (Fig. 7),and discharges through outlet line 32.

Separate from the above described is the flow in the water jackets(Figs. 2 and 3). Here, water enters inlet 34 and flows to distributor 36(Fig. 5) whence the water is delivered to the jackets of section 3through suitable pipes. After passing through the jackets in the flowpattern shown by the direction arrows of Figs. 2 and 3, the jacketarrangement of parts may be made without departing from the spirit andscope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or forthe Government of 'the United States of America for governmentalpurposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.

What is claimed is:

1. In a heat exchanger, a plurality of heat exchange sections coupledtogether, each heat exchanger section comprising an inner wall arrangedto define a central passage to conduct a hot fluid, the passage havingopen ends for through passage of hot fiuid, a first row of coolantcarrying heat transfer conduits, each conduit being fastened at both ofits ends to opposed portions of said wall, a second row of coolantcarrying heat transfer conduits, each of which is fastened to otheropposed portions of said wall,

said rows of conduits being arranged at substantially right angles toeach other to thereby brace said wall against the forces of internal andexternal pressures, an outer wall surrounding said inner wall, meansfixing said walls in spaced relationship to each other to define ajacket, said inner wall being provided with a plurality of apertureswhich are arranged to communicate the bores of said conduits with saidjacket, an

. .inlet line connected to said jacket, an outlet line connected withsaid jacket and having a coupling thereon to connect with the inlet lineof an adjacent section, a plurality of tubes arranged to constitute awater wall, said tubes being located interiorly of and parallel to saidinner wall, and inlet and outlet means connected with and for saidplurality of tubes.

2. The construction of claim 1 wherein said outlet means comprises aheader located within said passage, and an outlet line connected to saidheader.

3. The construction of claim 2 wherein said inlet means comprises asecond header connected to said tubes and provided with an inlet line,and said headers being nested with each other so as to transfer heatbetween each other, one of said headers extending entirely around theinner surface of a cross sectional part of said passage.

4. In a heat exchanger, a heat exchanger section comprising an innerwall arranged to define a central passage to conduct a hot fluid andhaving an inlet and an outlet end, a first row of coolant carrying heattransfer conduits, each conduit being fastened at both of its ends toopposed portions of said wall, a second row of at substantially rightangles to each other to thereby brace said wall against theforces ofinternal and external pressures, an outer wall surrounding said innerwall, means fixing said walls in spaced relationship to each other todefine a jacket, said inner wall being provided with a plurality ofapertures which are arranged to communicate the bores of said conduitswith said jacket, an inlet line connected to said jacket, an outlet lineconnected with said jacket, a plurality of tubes, each tube being Ushaped and arranged within said inner wall adjacent to the inner surfacethereof, said tubes constituting a water wall and having their endslocated at the low temperature outlet end of said passage, meansconstituting an outlet for said tubes connected with one end of eachtube, and means constituting an inlet for said tubes comprising a headerlocated in said passage and connected to the other end of each tube.

5. The construction of claim 4 and a lining of refractory materialdisposed between said tubes and the inner surface of said inner wall andat least partially held in place by said tubes.

EUGENE W. WASIELEWSKL References Cited in the file of this patent UNITEDSTATES PATENTS Number Name Date 930,341 Berry Aug. 10, 1909 945,130Lycan Jan. 4, 1910 1,633,663 Hardison June 28, 1927 1,809,915 Smith June16, 1931 1,931,679 Price Oct. 24, 1933 2,042,618 Murray June 2, 19362,063,441 Kerr Dec. 8, 1936 2,325,583 Artsay Aug. 3, 1943

